diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index b9dd69f..5042649 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -28,9 +28,15 @@ add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp
         Hud.cpp
         Hud.h
         includes.h
-        Text.h
+        IText.h
         Chars.h
-        Text.cpp)
+        IText.cpp
+        xWindows.h
+        exception.h
+        def.cpp
+        TestCode.h
+        TextureManager.cpp
+        TextureManager.h)
 set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
 set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
 include(CPack)
diff --git a/Game.cpp b/Game.cpp
index d9b697c..5351045 100644
--- a/Game.cpp
+++ b/Game.cpp
@@ -3,3 +3,6 @@
 //
 
 #include "Game.h"
+
+void Game::initialize() noexcept { renderer.setGame(game); }
+
diff --git a/Game.h b/Game.h
index b391793..8a9597c 100644
--- a/Game.h
+++ b/Game.h
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 #include "Hud.h"
 #include "Window.h"
 
-class Game {
+class Game : public IRenderable {
 	Hud hud = Hud();
 	Window* window = nullptr;
 
 public:
 	explicit Game() = default;
-	void render() const noexcept {
+	static void initialize() noexcept;
+	void render() const noexcept override {
 		if (window) window->render();
 		hud.render();
 	}
diff --git a/Text.cpp b/IText.cpp
similarity index 52%
rename from Text.cpp
rename to IText.cpp
index 4f8c016..c5a3bae 100644
--- a/Text.cpp
+++ b/IText.cpp
@@ -2,16 +2,25 @@
 // Created by EmsiaetKadosh on 25-1-18.
 //
 
-#include "Text.h"
+#include "IText.h"
 
 #include "def.h"
 
 const String& TranslatableText::getText() const noexcept {
+	refreshText();
+	return target->getText();
+}
+
+const RenderableString& TranslatableText::getRenderableString() const noexcept {
+	refreshText();
+	return target->getRenderableString();
+}
+
+void TranslatableText::refreshText() const noexcept {
 	if (target == nullptr || langConfig == translator.getConfigVersion()) {
 		target = translator.getText(idSrc);
 		langConfig = translator.getConfigVersion();
 	}
-	return *target;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/Text.h b/IText.h
similarity index 85%
rename from Text.h
rename to IText.h
index a8a05d3..e2bac29 100644
--- a/Text.h
+++ b/IText.h
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 #include "Chars.h"
 #include "def.h"
 
-class IdentifiedText {};
+class LiteralText;
+class Translator;
 
 /**
  * 注意一些默认值。
@@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ class IdentifiedText {};
  * color和background=0xffffffff，表示继承使用默认颜色；
  */
 class RenderableString {
+	friend class LiteralText;
+
 	struct StringConfig {
 		String text;
 		/**
@@ -111,6 +114,46 @@ public:
 		return ret;
 	}
 
+	RenderableString& append(const RenderableString& other) {
+		auto iterator = other.configs.cbegin();
+		int flags = 0;
+		bool clr = true, bg = true, font = true;
+		unsigned int color = configs.back().color;
+		unsigned int background = configs.back().background;
+		wchar idFont = configs.back().idFont;
+		while (iterator != other.configs.cend()) {
+			if (flags >= 3) break;
+			StringConfig config = iterator->copy();
+			if (font) {
+				if (config.idFont == idFont || config.idFont != 0) {
+					font = false;
+					++flags;
+				} else config.idFont = idFont;
+			}
+			if (clr) {
+				if (config.color == color || config.color != 0xffffffff) {
+					clr = false;
+					++flags;
+				} else config.color = color;
+			}
+			if (bg) {
+				if (config.background == background || config.background != 0xffffffff) {
+					bg = false;
+					++flags;
+				} else config.background = background;
+			}
+			configs.push_back(std::move(config));
+			++iterator;
+		}
+		while (iterator != other.configs.cend()) configs.push_back(iterator->copy());
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	RenderableString& append(const String& other) {
+		parseAppend(other.c_str(), other.length());
+		return *this;
+	}
+
 private:
 	void parseAppend(const wchar* string) noexcept {
 		StringConfig config;
@@ -283,88 +326,62 @@ private:
 		}
 		configs.push_back(std::move(config));
 	}
-
-	RenderableString& append(const RenderableString& other) {
-		auto iterator = other.configs.cbegin();
-		int flags = 0;
-		bool clr = true, bg = true, font = true;
-		unsigned int color = configs.back().color;
-		unsigned int background = configs.back().background;
-		wchar idFont = configs.back().idFont;
-		while (iterator != other.configs.cend()) {
-			if (flags >= 3) break;
-			StringConfig config = iterator->copy();
-			if (font) {
-				if (config.idFont == idFont || config.idFont != 0) {
-					font = false;
-					++flags;
-				} else config.idFont = idFont;
-			}
-			if (clr) {
-				if (config.color == color || config.color != 0xffffffff) {
-					clr = false;
-					++flags;
-				} else config.color = color;
-			}
-			if (bg) {
-				if (config.background == background || config.background != 0xffffffff) {
-					bg = false;
-					++flags;
-				} else config.background = background;
-			}
-			configs.push_back(std::move(config));
-			++iterator;
-		}
-		while (iterator != other.configs.cend()) configs.push_back(iterator->copy());
-		return *this;
-	}
-
-	RenderableString& append(const String& other) {
-		parseAppend(other.c_str(), other.length());
-		return *this;
-	}
 };
 
-interface Text {
-	virtual ~Text() = default;
+interface IText {
+	virtual ~IText() = default;
 	virtual const String& getText() const noexcept = 0;
+	virtual const RenderableString& getRenderableString() const noexcept = 0;
 };
 
-class Translator;
+typedef class LiteralText : public IText {
+	const String string;
+	mutable RenderableString renderableString;
 
-class TranslatableText final : public Text {
+public:
+	LiteralText(const String& string): string(string), renderableString(string) {}
+	LiteralText(String&& string): string(std::move(string)), renderableString(string) {}
+
+	const String& getText() const noexcept override { return string; }
+
+	const RenderableString& getRenderableString() const noexcept override { return renderableString; }
+} TranslatedText;
+
+class TranslatableText final : public IText {
 	const String idSrc;
-	mutable const String* target = nullptr;
+	mutable const LiteralText* target = nullptr;
 	mutable QWORD langConfig = 0;
 
 public:
-	explicit TranslatableText(const String& id) : idSrc(id) {}
-	explicit TranslatableText(String&& id) : idSrc(std::move(id)) {}
+	explicit TranslatableText(const String& id) : idSrc(id) { std::wcout << L"Lvalue init\n"; }
+	explicit TranslatableText(String&& id) : idSrc(std::move(id)) { std::wcout << L"Rvalue init\n"; }
 	const String& getText() const noexcept override;
+	const RenderableString& getRenderableString() const noexcept override;
+	void refreshText() const noexcept;
 };
 
 struct Language {
-	Map<String, String> translateTable;
+	Map<String, TranslatedText> translateTable;
 	int id = 1;
 };
 
 class Translator {
 	Map<String, int> langMap{};
 	List<Language> langList{};
+	TranslatedText nullText{ L"\\#FF""EE0000<translator-null>" };
 	String lang = L"zh-cn";
-	String nullText = L"<translator-null>";
-	QWORD langConfig = 1;
+	int langConfig = 1;
 	int idLangMax = 1;
-	using IterID = Map<String, String>::const_iterator;
+	using IterID = Map<String, TranslatedText>::const_iterator;
 	using IterLang = List<Language>::const_iterator;
 
 public:
 	explicit Translator() { langMap.insert(std::make_pair(String(L"zh-cn"), 1)); }
-	void addLang(const String& lang) noexcept(this->langMap.insert(std::make_pair(lang, this->idLangMax))) { langMap.insert(std::make_pair(lang, ++idLangMax)); }
-	void addLang(String&& lang) noexcept(this->langMap.insert(std::make_pair(lang, this->idLangMax))) { langMap.insert(std::make_pair(lang, ++idLangMax)); }
+	void addLang(const String& lang) noexcept { langMap.insert(std::make_pair(lang, ++idLangMax)); }
+	void addLang(String&& lang) noexcept { langMap.insert(std::make_pair(lang, ++idLangMax)); }
 	void loadLang();
 
-	const String* getText(const String& id) const noexcept {
+	[[nodiscard]] const TranslatedText* getText(const String& id) const noexcept {
 		for (const auto& [translateTable, _] : langList) {
 			IterID iterator = translateTable.find(id);
 			if (iterator != translateTable.cend()) return &iterator->second;
@@ -372,7 +389,7 @@ public:
 		return &nullText;
 	}
 
-	int getConfigVersion() const noexcept { return langConfig; }
+	[[nodiscard]] int getConfigVersion() const noexcept { return langConfig; }
 };
 
 inline static Translator translator = Translator();
diff --git a/Renderer.cpp b/Renderer.cpp
index 31aa765..dd2f996 100644
--- a/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/Renderer.cpp
@@ -12,5 +12,10 @@ void Renderer::initialize() noexcept { MainDC = GetDC(MainWindowHandle); }
 void Renderer::resize(const int width, const int height) noexcept(false) {
 	windowWidth = width;
 	windowHeight = height;
+	if (resizeTime > 0) return; // 防抖、防止频繁触发
+	if (resizeTime < 0) {
+		resizeTime = 20;
+		return;
+	}
 	if (game.getWindow()) game.getWindow()->onResize();
 }
diff --git a/Renderer.h b/Renderer.h
index d1c7366..04f3054 100644
--- a/Renderer.h
+++ b/Renderer.h
@@ -6,28 +6,47 @@
 
 #include "def.h"
 
+class Game;
 /**
  * 用于标记相对位置。
  */
-enum class Location { LEFT_TOP, LEFT, LEFT_BOTTOM, TOP, CENTER, BOTTOM, RIGHT_TOP, RIGHT, RIGHT_BOTTOM };
+enum class Location : char { LEFT_TOP, LEFT, LEFT_BOTTOM, TOP, CENTER, BOTTOM, RIGHT_TOP, RIGHT, RIGHT_BOTTOM };
 
 interface IRenderable {
 	virtual ~IRenderable() = default;
 	virtual void render() const noexcept = 0;
 };
 
-class Renderer {
+interface ITickable {
+	virtual ~ITickable() = default;
+	virtual void tick() noexcept = 0;
+};
+
+class Renderer : public ITickable {
+	/**
+	 * 后续可能用不到，可能可删
+	 */
+	Game* pGame = nullptr;
 	inline static HDC MainDC;
 	int windowWidth = 0, windowHeight = 0;
+	int resizeTime = 0;
 
 public:
 	static void initialize() noexcept;
 	explicit Renderer() = default;
-
 	void resize(int width, int height) noexcept(false);
-
+	void setGame(Game& game) noexcept { pGame = &game; }
 	[[nodiscard]] int getWidth() const noexcept { return windowWidth; }
 	[[nodiscard]] int getHeight() const noexcept { return windowHeight; }
+
+	void tick() noexcept override {
+		// 联合处理resize防抖
+		if (resizeTime > 0) --resizeTime;
+		else if (resizeTime == 0) {
+			resize(windowWidth, windowHeight);
+			resizeTime = -1;
+		}
+	}
 };
 
 inline static Renderer renderer = Renderer();
diff --git a/TestCode.h b/TestCode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0009536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/TestCode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//
+// Created by EmsiaetKadosh on 25-1-20.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+struct B {
+	int a = 1;
+	B() { std::wcout << L"common constructor\n"; }
+	B(B&) { std::wcout << L"copy constructor\n"; }
+	// B(B&& other) noexcept { std::wcout << L"move constructor\n"; }
+};
+
+struct A {
+	B b;
+
+	explicit A(B&& other) : b(other) {}
+};
+
+inline void test() {
+	B b;
+	A a{ B() };
+	a = A(std::move(a.b));
+}
diff --git a/TextureManager.cpp b/TextureManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..108b7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/TextureManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+//
+// Created by EmsiaetKadosh on 25-1-21.
+//
+
+#include "TextureManager.h"
diff --git a/TextureManager.h b/TextureManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ab76ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/TextureManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+//
+// Created by EmsiaetKadosh on 25-1-21.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "def.h"
+#include "exception.h"
+
+class ITexture {};
+
+class Font {
+	String name;
+	HFONT fonts[16]{};
+
+	static int idOf(const bool italic, const bool bold, const bool underline, const bool strike) {
+		int ret = 0;
+		if (italic) ret |= 8;
+		if (bold) ret |= 4;
+		if (underline) ret |= 2;
+		if (strike) ret |= 1;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+public:
+	explicit Font(const String& name) : name(name) {}
+
+	void load(const int size) noexcept(false) {
+		LOGFONTW font{
+			.lfHeight = size,
+			.lfWidth = 0,
+			.lfEscapement = 0,
+			.lfOrientation = 0,
+			.lfCharSet = ANSI_CHARSET,
+			.lfOutPrecision = OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
+			.lfClipPrecision = CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
+			.lfQuality = DEFAULT_QUALITY,
+			.lfPitchAndFamily = DEFAULT_PITCH | FF_DONTCARE,
+		};
+		if (name.size() < LF_FACESIZE) memcpy(font.lfFaceName, name.c_str(), name.size());
+		else throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException(L"Font name is too long: " + name);
+		for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+			font.lfWeight = i & 4 ? 700 : 400;
+			font.lfItalic = i & 8;
+			font.lfUnderline = i & 2;
+			font.lfStrikeOut = i & 1;
+			fonts[i] = CreateFontIndirectW(&font);
+		}
+	}
+
+	void unload() noexcept(false) {
+		for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+			DeleteObject(fonts[i]);
+			fonts[i] = nullptr;
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+class TextureManager {
+	Map<int, Font> fonts;
+	Map<String, ObjectHolder<ITexture>> textures;
+	Font* defaultFont = nullptr;
+	using IterFont = Map<int, Font>::const_iterator;
+	using IterTexture = Map<String, ObjectHolder<ITexture>>::const_iterator;
+public:
+	TextureManager() {
+		try {
+			fonts.insert(std::make_pair(0, Font(L"Arial")));
+			defaultFont = &fonts.at(0);
+		}
+		catch (...) {
+
+		}
+	}
+	Font& getFont(const int id) const noexcept {
+		IterFont iterator = fonts.find(id);
+		if (iterator == fonts.cend()) return
+	}
+};
+
+inline static TextureManager textureManager = TextureManager();
diff --git a/Window.h b/Window.h
index cfd1c84..367eea6 100644
--- a/Window.h
+++ b/Window.h
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "def.h"
 #include "Renderer.h"
+#include "IText.h"
 
 enum class MouseActionCode : char {
 	MAC_MOVE, MAC_HOVER, MAC_DOWN, MAC_UP, MAC_DOUBLE
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ protected:
 	mutable bool hasMouse = false;
 
 public:
+	Location location;
 	using Action = Function<void(int)>;
 	double x, y, w, h;
 	Action hover;// 传入int忽略
@@ -25,7 +27,7 @@ public:
 	Action mouseUp;// 传入int表示变更按键。0左, 1中, 2右
 	Action mouseLeave;// 传入int忽略
 	Action mouseClick;// 传入int表示变更按键。0x0左, 0x1中, 0x2右；0xf表示是否双击
-	explicit Widget(const double x, const double y, const double w, const double h) : x(x), y(y), w(w), h(h) {}
+	explicit Widget(const double x, const double y, const double w, const double h, Location location) : x(x), y(y), w(w), h(h), location(location) {}
 	void render() const noexcept override {}
 	virtual void onResize() {}
 
@@ -48,23 +50,24 @@ public:
 			hasMouse = false;
 		}
 		hasMouse = true;
-		switch (action & 0xf) {
-			case MouseActionCode::MAC_HOVER:
+		switch (static_cast<char>(action & 0xf)) {
+			case static_cast<char>(MouseActionCode::MAC_HOVER):
 				onLongHover(0);
 				break;
-			case MouseActionCode::MAC_MOVE:
+			case static_cast<char>(MouseActionCode::MAC_MOVE):
 				onHover(0);
 				break;
-			case MouseActionCode::MAC_DOWN:
+			case static_cast<char>(MouseActionCode::MAC_DOWN):
 				onMouseDown(value);
 				break;
-			case MouseActionCode::MAC_UP:
+			case static_cast<char>(MouseActionCode::MAC_UP):
 				onMouseUp(value);
 				break;
-			case MouseActionCode::MAC_DOUBLE:
+			case static_cast<char>(MouseActionCode::MAC_DOUBLE):
 				onMouseClick(1);
 				break;
 			default:
+				break;
 		}
 	}
 };
@@ -75,6 +78,8 @@ protected:
 
 	Window() = default;
 
+	~Window() override { for (Widget*& widget : widgets) { delete widget; } }
+
 public:
 	/**
 	 * 在Game.setWindow()时，本窗口开启时调用。
@@ -101,5 +106,6 @@ public:
 
 class Button final : public Widget {
 public:
-	explicit Button(const double x, const double y, const double w, const double h) : Widget(x, y, w, h) {}
+	ObjectHolder<IText> name;
+	explicit Button(const double x, const double y, const double w, const double h, Location location, ObjectHolder<IText> text) : Widget(x, y, w, h, location), name(text) {}
 };
diff --git a/def.cpp b/def.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76bc6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/def.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+//
+// Created by EmsiaetKadosh on 25-1-18.
+//
+
+#include "def.h"
+
+#include "exception.h"
+
+template<TypeName Base> Base& ObjectHolder<Base>::operator->() noexcept(false) {
+	if (value) return *value;
+	throw NullPointerException(L"value is null");
+}
+
+template<TypeName Base> const Base& ObjectHolder<Base>::operator->() const noexcept(false) {
+	if (value) return *value;
+	throw NullPointerException(L"value is null");
+}
+
+template<TypeName Base> Base& ObjectHolder<Base>::operator*() noexcept(false) {
+	if (value) return *value;
+	throw NullPointerException(L"value is null");
+}
+
+template<TypeName Base> const Base& ObjectHolder<Base>::operator*() const noexcept(false) {
+	if (value) return *value;
+	throw NullPointerException(L"value is null");
+}
+
+template<TypeName Base> template<NewCopyable T> requires std::is_base_of_v<Base, T> && TypeName<T>
+void ObjectHolder<Base>::set(const T& value) {
+	if (!value) this->value = new T(value);
+	else {
+		if (hasValue) delete this->value;
+		this->value = new T(value);
+	}
+}
+
+template<TypeName Base> template<NewMoveable T> requires std::is_base_of_v<Base, T> && TypeName<T>
+void ObjectHolder<Base>::set(T&& value) {
+	if (!value) this->value = new T(value);
+	else {
+		if (hasValue) delete this->value;
+		this->value = new T(value);
+	}
+}
+
+template<TypeName T> const T& Reference<T>::getLvalue() const noexcept(false) {
+	if (type == ReferenceValueType::LVALUE) return *lvalue;
+	throw NullPointerException(L"reference is rvalue");
+}
+
+template<TypeName T> T&& Reference<T>::getRvalue() noexcept(false) {
+	if (type == ReferenceValueType::RVALUE) return std::move(*rvalue);
+	throw NullPointerException(L"reference is lvalue");
+}
diff --git a/def.h b/def.h
index a693cb2..2501274 100644
--- a/def.h
+++ b/def.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <list>
 #include <string>
 #include <map>
+#include <atomic>
 
 using wchar = wchar_t;
 using QWORD = unsigned long long int;
@@ -51,3 +52,99 @@ template<typename F> using Function = std::function<F>;
 #pragma comment(lib, "dwmapi.lib")
 #pragma comment(lib, "Uxtheme.lib")
 #pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib")
+
+template<typename T>
+concept Copyable = requires(const T& t) { T(t); };
+template<typename T>
+concept NewCopyable = requires(const T& t) { delete new T(t); };
+template<typename T>
+concept Moveable = requires(T&& t) { T(std::move(t)); };
+template<typename T>
+concept NewMoveable = requires(T&& t) { delete new T(std::move(t)); };
+template<typename T>
+concept NonreferenceType = !std::is_reference_v<T>;
+template<typename T>
+concept NonpointerType = !std::is_pointer_v<T>;
+template<typename T>
+concept ReferenceType = std::is_reference_v<T>;
+template<typename T>
+concept PointerType = std::is_pointer_v<T>;
+template<typename T>
+concept TypeName = NonreferenceType<T> && NonpointerType<T>;
+
+template<TypeName Base> class ObjectHolder {
+	Base* value;
+	bool hasValue;
+	char padding[7]{};
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * 用于延迟初始化。
+	 */
+	ObjectHolder() : value(nullptr), hasValue(false) {}
+
+	ObjectHolder(Base* const value) : value(value), hasValue(false) {}
+
+	template<NewCopyable T> requires std::is_base_of_v<Base, T> && TypeName<T>
+	ObjectHolder(const T& value) : value(new T(value)), hasValue(true) {}
+
+	template<NewMoveable T> requires std::is_base_of_v<Base, T> && TypeName<T>
+	ObjectHolder(T&& value) : value(new T(std::forward<T>(value))), hasValue(true) {}
+
+	ObjectHolder(const ObjectHolder& other) noexcept: value(other.value), hasValue(false) {}
+
+	ObjectHolder(ObjectHolder&& other) noexcept: value(other.value), hasValue(other.hasValue) {
+		other.value = nullptr;
+		other.hasValue = false;
+	}
+
+	template<NewCopyable T> requires std::is_base_of_v<Base, T> && TypeName<T>
+	void set(const T& value);
+
+	template<NewMoveable T> requires std::is_base_of_v<Base, T> && TypeName<T>
+	void set(T&& value);
+
+
+	~ObjectHolder() {
+		if (hasValue) delete value;
+		value = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	Base& operator->() noexcept(false);
+	const Base& operator->() const noexcept(false);
+	Base& operator*() noexcept(false);
+	const Base& operator*() const noexcept(false);
+	operator bool() const noexcept { return value; }
+};
+
+enum class ReferenceValueType {
+	LVALUE,
+	RVALUE
+};
+
+template<TypeName T> class Reference {
+	const T* lvalue = nullptr;
+	T* rvalue = nullptr;
+
+public:
+	const ReferenceValueType type;
+	Reference(const T& lvalue) : lvalue(&lvalue), type(ReferenceValueType::LVALUE) {}
+	Reference(T&& rvalue) : rvalue(&rvalue), type(ReferenceValueType::RVALUE) {}
+	Reference& operator=(const Reference&) = delete;
+	Reference& operator=(Reference&&) = delete;
+
+	Reference& operator=(const T& lvalue) {
+		this->lvalue = &lvalue;
+		this->type = ReferenceValueType::LVALUE;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	Reference& operator=(T&& rvalue) {
+		this->rvalue = &rvalue;
+		this->type = ReferenceValueType::RVALUE;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	const T& getLvalue() const noexcept(false);
+	T&& getRvalue() noexcept(false);
+};
diff --git a/exception.h b/exception.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2653726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/exception.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//
+// Created by EmsiaetKadosh on 25-1-18.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+class Exception : public std::exception {
+	const String* type;
+
+protected:
+	String msg;
+
+	Exception(String&& msg, const String* type) : type(type), msg(std::move(msg)) {}
+	Exception(const String& msg, const String* type) : type(type), msg(msg) {}
+
+public:
+	[[nodiscard]] String getMessage() const noexcept { return msg; }
+	[[nodiscard]] const String* getType() const noexcept { return type; }
+	[[nodiscard]] const char* what() const override { return "Use Exception::getMessage() instead.";}
+};
+
+class NullPointerException final : public Exception {
+	inline static const String type = L"NullPointerException";
+
+public:
+	explicit NullPointerException(String&& msg) : Exception(std::move(msg), &type) {}
+	explicit NullPointerException(const String& msg) : Exception(msg, &type) {}
+};
+
+class ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException final : public Exception {
+	inline static const String type = L"ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException";
+
+public:
+	explicit ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException(String&& msg) : Exception(std::move(msg), &type) {}
+	explicit ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException(const String& msg) : Exception(msg, &type) {}
+};
diff --git a/includes.h b/includes.h
index 39ae2b3..0f86135 100644
--- a/includes.h
+++ b/includes.h
@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "def.h"
+#include "exception.h"
 #include "hbp.h"
 #include "Renderer.h"
 #include "InteractManager.h"
+#include "TextureManager.h"
 
 #include "Hud.h"
 #include "Window.h"
 
 #include "Game.h"
+
+#include "xWindows.h"
diff --git a/main.cpp b/main.cpp
index 5a81abc..4d16224 100644
--- a/main.cpp
+++ b/main.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 
 #include "includes.h"
-#include "Text.h"
+#include "IText.h"
+#include "TestCode.h"
 
 LRESULT __stdcall WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
 	switch (uMsg) {
@@ -159,20 +160,19 @@ int __stdcall wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPWSTR lpCm
 	ShowWindow(MainWindowHandle, nCmdShow);
 	InteractManager::initialize();
 	Renderer::initialize();
+	Game::initialize();
 	SetConsoleOutputCP(65001);
-	const String string = String(L"\\#12345678Hello\\/\\f\1Well\\.87654321你好\\r\\r\\u\\-");
-	std::cout << "你好" << std::endl;
-	std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("zh_CN"));
-	std::wcout
-		<< sizeof(L"你好") << " " << sizeof("Hu") << std::endl
-		<< L"GetConsoleOutputCP => " << GetConsoleOutputCP() << std::endl
-#if defined(UNICODE)
-		<< L"UNICODE" << std::endl
-#else
-		<< L"Non-UNICODE" << std::endl
-#endif
-		<< string << std::endl
-		<< RenderableString(string).toString() << std::endl;
+	{
+		const String string = String(L"\\#12345678Hello\\/\\f\1Well\\.87654321你好\\r\\r\\u\\-");
+		std::cout << "你好" << std::endl;
+		std::wcout.imbue(std::locale("zh_CN"));
+		std::wcout
+			<< sizeof(L"你好") << " " << sizeof("Hu") << std::endl
+			<< L"GetConsoleOutputCP => " << GetConsoleOutputCP() << std::endl
+			<< string << std::endl
+			<< RenderableString(string).toString() << std::endl;
+		test();
+	}
 	HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAcceleratorsW(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(109));
 	MSG msg = { nullptr };
 	while (GetMessageW(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0)) {
diff --git a/xWindows.h b/xWindows.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fcab88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xWindows.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//
+// Created by EmsiaetKadosh on 25-1-18.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Window.h"
+
+class StartWindow : public Window {
+public:
+	StartWindow() {
+		Button* button = new Button(0, 0, 0.4, 0.08, Location::CENTER, TranslatableText(L"123"));
+		widgets.push_back(button);
+	}
+};